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Processor Simulation

RISC-V / gem5

A gem5 architectural study measuring performance and estimated energy trade-offs across three voltage-frequency configurations for a real-time PID control workload.

gem5PythonCGCCTimingSimpleCPUDDR3
Complete
3DVFS configurations
141,594instructions per run
39.2%estimated energy reduction
2.45best measured CPI

01 · Problem

What the system solves

Embedded control processors must balance deterministic execution against strict power budgets. Simulation quantifies whether lower voltage-frequency points preserve timing while reducing estimated energy.

02 · Architecture

How the pieces connect

01PID benchmark
02TimingSimpleCPU
03L1 I/D caches
04L2 cache
05DDR3 memory
06gem5 statistics

03 · Technical highlights

Implementation details

01

Three equivalent gem5 configurations model 200, 100, and 50 MHz operating points.

02

Every simulation executes an identical 141,594-instruction, 1,000-iteration PID benchmark.

03

The cache hierarchy includes 8 KiB instruction and data caches plus a 128 KiB unified L2.

04

Measured CPI and IPC expose memory latency as the dominant performance bottleneck.

04 · What this demonstrates

Engineering signal

Systems-level performance analysis using reproducible architectural simulations.

Quantitative validation of design trade-offs instead of relying on theoretical expectations alone.

Clear separation between measured simulator output and analytically estimated power values.

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